UNIT 1
Grammar terminology
Grammar terminology
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Check your understanding of grammatical terms used in this course
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You will need to be familiar with these terms as you work through the rest of the course.
You may like to revise the relevant areas in this Grammar 1 lesson or using the Glossary of linguistic terms and then test yourself again!
Click on View questions below if you want to see all the questions and answers
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Question 1 of 20
1. Question
Choose the best definition for a noun
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 2 of 20
2. Question
Choose the best definition for an adverb.
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 3 of 20
3. Question
Choose the best definition for a preposition.
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 4 of 20
4. Question
Choose the best phrase which describes an adjective.
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 5 of 20
5. Question
Choose the best definition of a verb
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 6 of 20
6. Question
True or false? A prefix attaches to the start of a word or morpheme
Correct
The term affix is used for the set of terms which include prefix (attaches to the start of a word or morpheme) and suffix (attaches to the start of a word or morpheme), but also infix (attaches inside a word or morpheme) and circumfix (attaches around a word or morpheme)
Incorrect
The term affix is used for the set of terms which include prefix (attaches to the start of a word or morpheme) and suffix (attaches to the start of a word or morpheme), but also infix (attaches inside a word or morpheme) and circumfix (attaches around a word or morpheme)
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Question 7 of 20
7. Question
Possessive forms indicate ownership, like my, your, their, etc.
Correct
Possessive forms indicate possession or ownership.
These are sometimes also called genitive.
Incorrect
Possessive forms indicate possession or ownership.
These are sometimes also called genitive.
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Question 8 of 20
8. Question
True or false?Ā The reflexive form of the pronoun refers to the action of doing something to oneself
Correct
In English we use words like myself or themselves to indicate reflexivity.
Incorrect
In English we use words like myself or themselves to indicate reflexivity.
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Question 9 of 20
9. Question
True or false? A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in a language.
Correct
Sometimes a whole word can be a morpheme, sometimes a word can contain multiple morphemes
Incorrect
Sometimes a whole word can be a morpheme, sometimes a word can contain multiple morphemes
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Question 10 of 20
10. Question
True or false? āFirst personā refers to the person being spoken to
Correct
āFirst personā refers to the person speaking
āSecond personā refers to the person being spoken to
Incorrect
āFirst personā refers to the person speaking
āSecond personā refers to the person being spoken to
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Question 11 of 20
11. Question
True or false? The 3pl object pronoun in English is their
Correct
Their is the possessive pronoun for 3pl.
The 3pl object pronoun in English is them.
Incorrect
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Question 12 of 20
12. Question
True or false? The first person plural possessive pronoun in English is us
Correct
The 1pl-POSS pronoun in English is our.
Us is the 1pl object pronoun in English.
The 3pl object pronoun in English is them.
Incorrect
The 1pl-POSS pronoun in English is our.
Us is the 1pl object pronoun in English.
The 3pl object pronoun in English is them.
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Question 13 of 20
13. Question
How would this English sentence be represented using linguistic pronoun terminology?
We see them
Correct
We is first person plural (1pl) and them is third person plural (3pl)
Incorrect
We is first person plural (1pl) and them is third person plural (3pl)
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Question 14 of 20
14. Question
How would this linguistic pronoun terminology appear in English?
1sg ā see ā 2pl
Correct
In English, the first person singular (1sg) isĀ I, and second person plural (2pl) is you.
But remember that English doesn’t distinguish between 2sg and 2pl.Incorrect
In English, the first person singular (1sg) isĀ I, and second person plural (2pl) is you.
But remember that English doesn’t distinguish between 2sg and 2pl. -
Question 15 of 20
15. Question
How would this English sentence be represented using linguistic pronoun terminology? You see me (when talking to one person only)
Correct
In this case you is 2sg (since it is specified that the referent is singular), while me is always 1sg.
Incorrect
In this case you is 2sg (since it is specified that the referent is singular), while me is always 1sg.
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Question 16 of 20
16. Question
How would this linguistic pronoun terminology appear in English?
3pl ā see ā 1plCorrect
In English, 3pl is they when it’s the subject of the sentence, and 1pl is us when it’s the object of the sentence.
Incorrect
In English, 3pl is they when it’s the subject of the sentence, and 1pl is us when it’s the object of the sentence.
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Question 17 of 20
17. Question
Which of the following statements is true about interlinear glossing?
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 18 of 20
18. Question
True or false? A free translation is the most accurate way of translating an example sentence
Correct
A āfree translationā recomposes the original sentence in a natural way, even if this sometimes this leaves out some grammatical details.
Incorrect
A āfree translationā recomposes the original sentence in a natural way, even if this sometimes this leaves out some grammatical details.
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Question 19 of 20
19. Question
True or false? An asterisk (*) before an example sentence shows that itās grammatically incorrect.
Correct
This is a helpful way to demonstrate when certain constructions are grammatically incorrect, e.g. *boy dog walk
Incorrect
This is a helpful way to demonstrate when certain constructions are grammatically incorrect, e.g. *boy dog walk
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Question 20 of 20
20. Question
True or false? Grammar is the same across all Australian Indigenous languages
Correct
There is a great deal of variation in grammar between Indigenous Australian languages, even when they are geographically close.
Incorrect
There is a great deal of variation in grammar between Indigenous Australian languages, even when they are geographically close.
UNIT 2
Introducing Bininj
Introducing Bininj
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Question 1 of 4
1. Question
The main town serving Bininj communities is on the edge of an area known as
Correct
Stone Country in Kunwinjku is “Kuwarddewardde” or “Kunwardde”
Incorrect
Stone Country in Kunwinjku is “Kuwarddewardde” or “Kunwardde”
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Question 2 of 4
2. Question
Bininj Kunwok is
Correct
Bininj is the word for people and kunwok is the word for language
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Bininj is the word for people and kunwok is the word for language
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Question 3 of 4
3. Question
Which one of the following statements is FALSE?
Correct
Incorrect
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Question 4 of 4
4. Question
True or False: Balanda is a Kunwinjku word for person
Correct
Balanda is a word used for non-Indigenous (or European) people. The word is commonly used in the Top End, and is based on the word for ‘Hollander’ which is what Macassan traders called the Dutch colonialists in Indonesia.
Incorrect
Balanda is a word used for non-Indigenous (or European) people. The word is commonly used in the Top End, and is based on the word for ‘Hollander’ which is what Macassan traders called the Dutch colonialists in Indonesia.
Introducing Bininj culture
Introducing Bininj culture
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Question 1 of 1
1. Question
Match the Kunwinjku word with its English meaning
Sort elements
- clan
- moiety
- skin name
- land
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kunmokurrkurr
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Duwa or Yirridjdja
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kunkurlah
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kunred
Correct
We’ll use these terms throughout the course, so it’s good to be familiar with them
Incorrect
We’ll use these terms throughout the course, so it’s good to be familiar with them
Skin systems
Skin systems quiz
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Test your understanding of some of the basics of the Bininj Kunwok skin system.
NOTE: if the answers all have circles then there’s only one correct answer. If the answers all have squares there’s more than one correct answer.
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Question 1 of 8
1. Question
What determines the skin group of a child? (1 answer)
Correct
For Bininj, skin group is always determined through the mother’s line
Incorrect
For Bininj, skin group is always determined through the mother’s line
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Question 2 of 8
2. Question
What determines the clan group of a child? (1 answer)
Correct
For Bininj, clan lines pass through the father’s line
Incorrect
For Bininj, clan lines pass through the father’s line
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Question 3 of 8
3. Question
What needs to be considered in selection of a marriage partner? (1 answer)
Correct
Patrimoiety, matrimoiety and skin group are all taken into consideration in the selection of an appropriate marriage partner.
Incorrect
Patrimoiety, matrimoiety and skin group are all taken into consideration in the selection of an appropriate marriage partner.
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Question 4 of 8
4. Question
A Duwa person should marry (1 answer)
Correct
A person must always marry someone from the opposite moiety to themselves.
Incorrect
A person must always marry someone from the opposite moiety to themselves.
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Question 5 of 8
5. Question
A Ngarradjku person should marry (1 answer)
Correct
A person must always marry someone from the opposite moiety to themselves.
Incorrect
A person must always marry someone from the opposite moiety to themselves.
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Question 6 of 8
6. Question
True or False: You can predict from someoneās skin group if you know the skin group of their mother, or their children or certain other relatives.
Correct
It is possible to know someone’s skin group from certain of their relatives.
Incorrect
It is possible to know someone’s skin group from certain of their relatives.
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Question 7 of 8
7. Question
True or false: All Indigenous groups in Australia have the same skin system
Correct
Skin systems vary a great deal across Australia, and not all Indigenous groups use them
Incorrect
Skin systems vary a great deal across Australia, and not all Indigenous groups use them
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Question 8 of 8
8. Question
True or false: the skin system is another name for the clan system
Correct
The two systems are quite distinct – skin comes from the mother’s side and clan from the father’s side
Incorrect
The two systems are quite distinct – skin comes from the mother’s side and clan from the father’s side
Basics of grammar
Basics of Grammar
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Check your understanding
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You may like to revise some of the concepts if you didn’t get some questions right.
Remember to use the Glossary of linguistic terms to help you – often there’s a hyperlink with the definition available.Click on View questions below to see all the questions and answers
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Question 1 of 12
1. Question
True or false? English has the same number of pronouns as Kunwinjku
Correct
Kunwinjku has more pronouns than English – with dual and trial, as well as inclusive and exclusive forms
Incorrect
Kunwinjku has more pronouns than English – with dual and trial, as well as inclusive and exclusive forms
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Question 2 of 12
2. Question
True or false? Kunwinjku pronouns distinguish masculine and feminine gender in the same way that English does
Correct
Kunwinjku pronouns differ from English, in that they only specify masculine or feminine gender in independent forms, but not as pronominal prefixes
Later we’ll see how nouns distinguish masculine and feminine (and other classes)
Incorrect
Kunwinjku pronouns differ from English, in that they only specify masculine or feminine gender in independent forms, but not as pronominal prefixes
Later we’ll see how nouns distinguish masculine and feminine (and other classes)
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Question 3 of 12
3. Question
In both Kunwinjku and English, plural refers to ‘more than one’
Correct
Plural in English refers to more than one, but in Kunwinjku plural refers to more than three!
Dual refers to two, and trial refers to three
Incorrect
Plural in English refers to more than one, but in Kunwinjku plural refers to more than three!
Dual refers to two, and trial refers to three
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Question 4 of 12
4. Question
True or false? Pronouns attach to the end of verbs in Kunwinjku
Correct
Pronominal prefixes attach to the beginning of verbs in Kunwinjku (that’s why they’re called prefixes!)
Incorrect
Pronominal prefixes attach to the beginning of verbs in Kunwinjku (that’s why they’re called prefixes!)
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Question 5 of 12
5. Question
True or false? If the subject is a pronoun, you must have a pronominal prefix on the verb.
Correct
If the subject is a pronoun, such as I see a buffalo, you use a pronominal prefix on the verb.
Incorrect
If the subject is a pronoun, such as I see a buffalo, you use a pronominal prefix on the verb.
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Question 6 of 12
6. Question
If the subject of a sentence in Kunwinjku is a noun, you don’t need to add a pronominal prefix
Correct
Pronominal prefixes are always marked on nouns in Kunwinjku
Incorrect
Pronominal prefixes are always marked on nouns in Kunwinjku
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Question 7 of 12
7. Question
In Kunwinjku, word order doesnāt matter in the same way as in English.
Correct
Kunwinjku has a more flexible word order than English, with different grammatical ways of showing the relationship between words
Incorrect
Kunwinjku has a more flexible word order than English, with different grammatical ways of showing the relationship between words
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Question 8 of 12
8. Question
True or false? In English, the normal word order is Subject – Verb – Object
Correct
Kunwinjku often follows the same pattern, but not always. Using the pronominal prefix means you can always identify the subject, even if the sentence is not in the order subject-verb-object
Incorrect
Kunwinjku often follows the same pattern, but not always. Using the pronominal prefix means you can always identify the subject, even if the sentence is not in the order subject-verb-object
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Question 9 of 12
9. Question
TheĀ subjectĀ of the sentence Duruk kanan nganabbaru is nganabbaru.
Correct
TheĀ subjectĀ of the sentence Duruk kanan nganabbaru is duruk.
The object of the sentence is nganabbaru
Incorrect
TheĀ subjectĀ of the sentence Duruk kanan nganabbaru is duruk.
The object of the sentence is nganabbaru
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Question 10 of 12
10. Question
What is the subject of the sentence Three men and a dog go to the floodplain?
Correct
A subject may have more than one component – in this case the subject involves multiple people and an animal
Incorrect
A subject may have more than one component – in this case the subject involves multiple people and an animal
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Question 11 of 12
11. Question
What is the object of the sentence Three men and a dog go to the billabong
Correct
The object refers to what is being impacted by the verb – in this case, the billabong is not impacted, it’s just the location of the action, so it’s not the object
Incorrect
The object refers to what is being impacted by the verb – in this case, the billabong is not impacted, it’s just the location of the action, so it’s not the object
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Question 12 of 12
12. Question
Which of the following statements is true for Kunwinjku?
Correct
Pronominal prefixes attach to verbs to indicate the subject of the verb.
Sometimes independent pronouns are used to focus on the subject.
Incorrect
Pronominal prefixes attach to verbs to indicate the subject of the verb.
Sometimes independent pronouns are used to focus on the subject.
UNIT 3
Animals
Animals matching
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Match the pictures with the correct animal names in Kunwinjku.
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Animals are an important part if indigenous cultural life. To help you memorise their names, try printing out pictures of any that you struggled with and make flashcards. Place just the picture on one side (not the English) and the Kunwinjku name on the other side.
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Question 1 of 14
1. Question
Correct
Since this animal is not native to Australia, the Kunwinjku word is borrowed from English (but notice the difference in pronunciation)
Incorrect
Since this animal is not native to Australia, the Kunwinjku word is borrowed from English (but notice the difference in pronunciation)
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Question 2 of 14
2. Question
Correct
Djenj is a generic word for fish, there are lots of other words for different species
Incorrect
Djenj is a generic word for fish, there are lots of other words for different species
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Question 3 of 14
3. Question
Correct
This word is used to describe a camp dog or a wild dog, but not a dingo.
Incorrect
This word is used to describe a camp dog or a wild dog, but not a dingo.
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Question 4 of 14
4. Question
Correct
This is a generic name for all macropods. There is a rich vocabulary for different types, and for males and females, and for the different ways they move.
Incorrect
This is a generic name for all macropods. There is a rich vocabulary for different types, and for males and females, and for the different ways they move.
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Question 5 of 14
5. Question
Correct
This is a generic word for all snakes, and there are many words for different species.
Incorrect
This is a generic word for all snakes, and there are many words for different species.
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Question 6 of 14
6. Question
Correct
Since this is an introduced species, the Kunwinjku word is based on an English word.
Incorrect
Since this is an introduced species, the Kunwinjku word is based on an English word.
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Question 7 of 14
7. Question
Correct
Another introduced species, but this time the word is borrowed from Makassarese, who were traders across the top end of Australia in the years prior to colonisation.
Incorrect
Another introduced species, but this time the word is borrowed from Makassarese, who were traders across the top end of Australia in the years prior to colonisation.
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Question 8 of 14
8. Question
Correct
This is the word for a saltwater crocodile, commonly found in waterways in West Arnhem Land
Incorrect
This is the word for a saltwater crocodile, commonly found in waterways in West Arnhem Land
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Question 9 of 14
9. Question
Correct
Manimunak are commonly seen during the wet season right across the top end. Apparently they’re delicious!
Incorrect
Manimunak are commonly seen during the wet season right across the top end. Apparently they’re delicious!
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Question 10 of 14
10. Question
Correct
This is a generic term for birds of any species, also used as a collective term
Incorrect
This is a generic term for birds of any species, also used as a collective term
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Question 11 of 14
11. Question
Correct
There are different species of this kind of fish, but this is commonly used to describe any kind of barramundi (sometimes spelt namarnkorl)
Incorrect
There are different species of this kind of fish, but this is commonly used to describe any kind of barramundi (sometimes spelt namarnkorl)
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Question 12 of 14
12. Question
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Question 13 of 14
13. Question
Correct
Also an introduced species, but has been incorporated into mythology as one of the manifestations of the rainbow serpent.
Incorrect
Also an introduced species, but has been incorporated into mythology as one of the manifestations of the rainbow serpent.
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Question 14 of 14
14. Question
Correct
Known for its distinctive screeching sound, in English this is called either white or sulphur-crested cockatoo
Incorrect
Known for its distinctive screeching sound, in English this is called either white or sulphur-crested cockatoo
Totems 26
Totems
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Test what you’ve learnt so far about Totems
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Question 1 of 3
1. Question
TRUE or FALSE? Totem systems are the same all across Indigenous Australia
Correct
There is considerable variation in the understanding and expression of totems in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander groups around Australia.
Incorrect
There is considerable variation in the understanding and expression of totems in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander groups around Australia.
-
Question 2 of 3
2. Question
True or false? A totem is always a living being (animals, fish, birds, etc)
Correct
Many totems are living beings, but stone and water can also be totems
Incorrect
Many totems are living beings, but stone and water can also be totems
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Question 3 of 3
3. Question
Responsibility for a totem belongs to a clan or family
Correct
Stewardship of totems is one aspect of Caring for Country, which incorporates looking after the environment
Incorrect
Stewardship of totems is one aspect of Caring for Country, which incorporates looking after the environment
Skin and family names 29
Skin and family names
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Test your understanding of how the skin system works with kinship terms.
These all assume right-way marriage.
Note that a round button means one answer only and a square button means two.
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You might find you need to go over the relevant sections of the lesson a few times before you fully understand this. Aim to be able to answer questions like this just by having a quick look at your skin chart. Ultimately you want to be able to answer questions like this without even having to refer to the chart.
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Question 1 of 8
1. Question
If I am Nawakadj then my sister will be
Correct
Siblings share the same skin name, only the prefix changes according to male and female
Incorrect
Siblings share the same skin name, only the prefix changes according to male and female
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Question 2 of 8
2. Question
If I am Nakodjok, then my brother will be
Correct
All female skin names start with Ngal- and all male names start with Na-
Incorrect
All female skin names start with Ngal- and all male names start with Na-
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Question 3 of 8
3. Question
If I am Ngalkamarrang, who can I marry? (choose two options)
Correct
Right way marriage is important, and is determined by the skin system
Incorrect
Right way marriage is important, and is determined by the skin system
Hint
Check your skin chart to find the answer! The equals signs and the arrows show marriage choices
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Question 4 of 8
4. Question
If I am Nabangardi, then my mother will be
Correct
Follow up the skin chart to find the mother, and remember to use the right prefix
Incorrect
Follow up the skin chart to find the mother, and remember to use the right prefix
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Question 5 of 8
5. Question
If I am Ngalwamud, then assuming right way marriage, my father will be (choose two options)
Correct
To identify options for a father, go up the skin chart to find your mother (in this case Ngalbulanj), then work out her two marriage options
Incorrect
To identify options for a father, go up the skin chart to find your mother (in this case Ngalbulanj), then work out her two marriage options
Hint
Remember that there are two marriage choices, so a person’s father (assuming right way marriage) could be one of two skin groups
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Question 6 of 8
6. Question
If I am Nabulanj, then my daughter will be (choose two possibilities)
Correct
Remember, female names always start with Ngal-
Incorrect
Remember, female names always start with Ngal-
Hint
A man’s daughter can be one of two options, depending on which skin he marries – remember the skin name always comes from the mother
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Question 7 of 8
7. Question
If I am Ngalkangila, my sister’s children will be
Correct
A woman’s children will be the same skin as her sister’s children – they are considered like her own children
Incorrect
A woman’s children will be the same skin as her sister’s children – they are considered like her own children
Hint
If you’re not specifying male or female, you can leave off the Na- and Ngal- prefix. So ‘Ngarritj’ refers to both Nangarritj and Ngalngarritj
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Question 8 of 8
8. Question
If I am Ngalngarridj, then my two moieties (patrimoiety and matrimoiety) will be:
Correct
Each skin group fits into one patrimoiety and one matrimoiety. Each person fits the same patri- and matri-moiety as their mother’s mother.
Incorrect
Each skin group fits into one patrimoiety and one matrimoiety. Each person fits the same patri- and matri-moiety as their mother’s mother.
Hint
Use the skin chart to find the right answer – matrimoieties are labelled at the top, and patrimoieties at the side
Grammar past & present 12
Grammar - past & present
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Test your knowledge of the grammar learnt so far in the course. You can complete this quiz as many times as you like so just use it to help guide you in which grammatical concepts you need to focus on in your study and revision.
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Congratulations on having a go, this is very challenging content but it just takes practice.
We will look at these forms more over the rest of the course, so for now just make sure you understand when prefixes are used in the present and the past and try to memorise some of the verbs you have learnt already.
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Question 1 of 12
1. Question
Kunwinjku distinguishes between past, present and future in the forms of verbs
Correct
Kunwinjku only distinguishes between PAST and NON-PAST in the form of the verb.
Any distinction between present and future will be shown by context, or in another way, such as using a time word (eg ‘tomorrow’)Incorrect
Kunwinjku only distinguishes between PAST and NON-PAST in the form of the verb.
Any distinction between present and future will be shown by context, or in another way, such as using a time word (eg ‘tomorrow’) -
Question 2 of 12
2. Question
You never use the pronominal prefix if the verb is in the past tense
Correct
Only in the 3rd person past tense form is the pronominal prefix not required
Incorrect
Only in the 3rd person past tense form is the pronominal prefix not required
-
Question 3 of 12
3. Question
Select the best translation for this phrase:Ā Ā Duruk wam kulabbarl.
Correct
Incorrect
-
Question 4 of 12
4. Question
Select the best translation for this phrase:Ā Ngawam kurrulumĀ
Correct
Incorrect
-
Question 5 of 12
5. Question
Choose the best translation for the phrase:Ā Ngalkordow nang kunj
Correct
Incorrect
-
Question 6 of 12
6. Question
Choose the sentence that best matches this picture.
Correct
In the past tense, with a 3rd person subject, there is no pronominal prefix on the verb
Incorrect
In the past tense, with a 3rd person subject, there is no pronominal prefix on the verb
-
Question 7 of 12
7. Question
Choose the phrase that best suits the picture below:
Correct
In the past tense, with a 3rd person subject, there is no pronominal prefix on the verb
Incorrect
In the past tense, with a 3rd person subject, there is no pronominal prefix on the verb
-
Question 8 of 12
8. Question
Choose the phrase that best matches the picture below:
Correct
Incorrect
-
Question 9 of 12
9. Question
Choose the phrase which best matches the picture below:
Correct
In this case, we definitely have a plural subject, so it’s a matter of matching the tense (nan is non-past, and nang is past) with the prefix. Because it’s past, with a 3rd person subject, theĀ ka- is not required, but theĀ birri- is.
Incorrect
In this case, we definitely have a plural subject, so it’s a matter of matching the tense (nan is non-past, and nang is past) with the prefix. Because it’s past, with a 3rd person subject, theĀ ka- is not required, but theĀ birri- is.
-
Question 10 of 12
10. Question
Match this audio phrase with the same written phrase below:
Correct
That little h sound is important! It shows that something is happening now
Incorrect
That little h sound is important! It shows that something is happening now
-
Question 11 of 12
11. Question
Match the audio recording to the written phrase below:
Correct
It’s important to be able to listen to some minor distinctions between words, as many of them seem very similar
Incorrect
It’s important to be able to listen to some minor distinctions between words, as many of them seem very similar
-
Question 12 of 12
12. Question
The imperative form of go in Kunwinjku is
Correct
Incorrect
UNIT 4
Family culture
Family culture
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Question 1 of 4
1. Question
True or false? Aboriginal people usually call family members by their name
Correct
Often Aboriginal people will use kin terms to address relatives, even in English
Incorrect
Often Aboriginal people will use kin terms to address relatives, even in English
-
Question 2 of 4
2. Question
True or False? A person can call many different people their ‘mother’
Correct
A person’s biological mother and all her sisters can be called ‘mother’ and sometimes other women in the community
Incorrect
A person’s biological mother and all her sisters can be called ‘mother’ and sometimes other women in the community
-
Question 3 of 4
3. Question
True or false? Grandparents are rarely involved in the raising of children
Correct
It is common for grandparents to be the main care-givers in Aboriginal families
Incorrect
It is common for grandparents to be the main care-givers in Aboriginal families
-
Question 4 of 4
4. Question
True or false? Money and possessions are often seen to belong to a whole family rather than an individual
Correct
This can be challenging for non-Indigenous westerners who may have a different attitude to individual possessions.
Incorrect
This can be challenging for non-Indigenous westerners who may have a different attitude to individual possessions.
Family matters
Family matters
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Test your knowledge of family terms with this quiz. You may need to go back and refer to some of the information in this unit to help you with the answers.
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You might find you need to go over the relevant sections of the lesson a few times before you fully understand this. Aim to be able to answer questions like this without referring to notes.
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Question 1 of 12
1. Question
Bininj families typically consist of
Correct
While it’s important not to generalise about a ‘typical’ family, Bininj society is a complex blend of several generations of kin relations who may or may not live in the same house, from different moieties and with different skin names.
Incorrect
While it’s important not to generalise about a ‘typical’ family, Bininj society is a complex blend of several generations of kin relations who may or may not live in the same house, from different moieties and with different skin names.
-
Question 2 of 12
2. Question
True or false: There is only one correct way to refer to someone in Kunwinjku
Correct
There are many different ways to refer to people in Kunwinjku, with much variation between speakers
Incorrect
There are many different ways to refer to people in Kunwinjku, with much variation between speakers
-
Question 3 of 12
3. Question
Ngalbadjan is
Correct
Ngalbadjan is the term of reference for a person’s mother. The term of address for a mother is karrang or karrard
Incorrect
Ngalbadjan is the term of reference for a person’s mother. The term of address for a mother is karrang or karrard
-
Question 4 of 12
4. Question
True or false: there are different terms for siblings depending on whether they are older or younger than the speaker
Correct
While there is variation between speakers, in general people use different terms for older or younger siblings
Incorrect
While there is variation between speakers, in general people use different terms for older or younger siblings
-
Question 5 of 12
5. Question
What do you call your father?
Correct
While nakornkumo does mean father, it’s a term of reference about the concept of father, not a term of address.
The term ngabbard is also a term of reference about a specific person, rather than a concept.
Incorrect
While nakornkumo does mean father, it’s a term of reference about the concept of father, not a term of address.
The term ngabbard is also a term of reference about a specific person, rather than a concept.
Hint
Don’t forget the distinction between terms of reference and terms of address!
-
Question 6 of 12
6. Question
What does a woman call her daughter?
Correct
A woman can call either a son or daughter by this name
Incorrect
A woman can call either a son or daughter by this name
-
Question 7 of 12
7. Question
What do you call your younger brother?
Correct
A man uses this term for a younger brother, and a woman uses this for any of her brothers and her younger sisters
Incorrect
A man uses this term for a younger brother, and a woman uses this for any of her brothers and her younger sisters
Hint
In this case it doesn’t matter if you’re male or female, the answer will be the same
-
Question 8 of 12
8. Question
True or False: Men and women refer to their children using the same term
Correct
Males call their children korlonj, while females call their children djedje
Incorrect
Males call their children korlonj, while females call their children djedje
-
Question 9 of 12
9. Question
What do you call your mother?
Correct
While ngalbadjan does mean mother, it’s a term of reference about the concept of mother, not a term of address.
The term karrard is also a term of reference about a specific person, rather than a concept.
Incorrect
While ngalbadjan does mean mother, it’s a term of reference about the concept of mother, not a term of address.
The term karrard is also a term of reference about a specific person, rather than a concept.
Hint
Don’t forget about the difference between terms of reference and terms of address!
-
Question 10 of 12
10. Question
What does a man call his son?
Correct
A man can call either his son or daughter by this name
Incorrect
A man can call either his son or daughter by this name
-
Question 11 of 12
11. Question
What do you call your older sister?
Correct
A man can call any of his sisters yabok, but a woman might use this term only for an older sister – though there is much variation among speakers
Incorrect
A man can call any of his sisters yabok, but a woman might use this term only for an older sister – though there is much variation among speakers
-
Question 12 of 12
12. Question
Birri-danginj refers to
Correct
Birri- is a 3rd person plural prefix, so refers to ‘them’ and danginj is a morpheme meaning sibling (of either gender)
Ngane-danginj refers to my sibling
Incorrect
Birri- is a 3rd person plural prefix, so refers to ‘them’ and danginj is a morpheme meaning sibling (of either gender)
Ngane-danginj refers to my sibling
Pron prefixes
Pronominal prefixes (sg/dual/trial/plural)
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
Match the Kunwinjku word to the grammatical label
Sort elements
- 3pl
- 1tri
- 1sg
- 2pl
- 2sg
- 2du
- 3sg
- 3du
-
kabirri-
-
kane-
-
nga-
-
ngurri-
-
yi-
-
ngune-
-
ka-
-
kabene
Correct
Incorrect
-
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
If one of the people in this picture was talking about something they were all doing together, which pronominal prefix would she use?
Correct
Talking about herself and the two other people in this picture, she would use a first person trial pronominal prefix.
Incorrect
Talking about herself and the two other people in this picture, she would use a first person trial pronominal prefix.
-
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
Correct
This requires the third person dual (3du) pronominal prefix meaning “they two”
Incorrect
This requires the third person dual (3du) pronominal prefix meaning “they two”
-
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
Which of these forms indicate three or more people? Select all that apply
Correct
Incorrect
-
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
Correct
There are more than 3 people, so you would use the 3pl form. But the verb is in the past tense, so the third person form does not include ka-.
Incorrect
There are more than 3 people, so you would use the 3pl form. But the verb is in the past tense, so the third person form does not include ka-.
Hint
How many people? What tense is the verb?
Inc/Exc
Inclusive and exclusive
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See how well you can use the different forms of ‘we’ in Kunwinjku.
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
If someone says to you “karriray kukabo!” does this mean
Correct
Incorrect
-
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
Ngalkangila and Ngalwakadj went out to the hill.
What did Ngalkangila say to Ngalwakadj about what they were doing?
Correct
Incorrect
-
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
Nakamarrang and Nawamud join them.
What does Ngalkangila say to them about what she and Ngalwakadj see?
Correct
She’s telling them something that doesn’t include them, so she uses the first person dual exclusive pronoun
Incorrect
She’s telling them something that doesn’t include them, so she uses the first person dual exclusive pronoun
-
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
What does Nakamarrang say to the daluk about what he and Nawamud were doing before they joined them?
Correct
Those two were talking about something that didn’t include the two daluk they were talking to, so they use the first person dual exclusive form.
Incorrect
Those two were talking about something that didn’t include the two daluk they were talking to, so they use the first person dual exclusive form.
-
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
Correct
Since they are describing something that includes all four of them, they use the first person plural inclusive pronoun.
Incorrect
Since they are describing something that includes all four of them, they use the first person plural inclusive pronoun.
Indep/poss
Independent and possessive pronouns
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Question 1 of 6
1. Question
Choose the correct option to complete this sentence:
Ngudda __________ kurrulumCorrect
Ngudda is the independent pronoun for 2sg, so the verb needs the matching pronominal prefix yi.
Incorrect
Ngudda is the independent pronoun for 2sg, so the verb needs the matching pronominal prefix yi.
-
Question 2 of 6
2. Question
Choose the correct verbal word to complete this sentence:Ā
Ngaleng __________ kulabbarl
Correct
Ngaleng is the 3rd person singular feminine (3sgFEM) independent pronoun. So the 3sg pronominal prefix is required (ka-) on the verbĀ re.
Incorrect
Ngaleng is the 3rd person singular feminine (3sgFEM) independent pronoun. So the 3sg pronominal prefix is required (ka-) on the verbĀ re.
-
Question 3 of 6
3. Question
Correct
Bedda is the 3rd person plural independent pronoun, so it requires the corresponding pronominal prefix kabirri-
Incorrect
Bedda is the 3rd person plural independent pronoun, so it requires the corresponding pronominal prefix kabirri-
Hint
-
Question 4 of 6
4. Question
Match these 2nd person pronouns with their grammatical labels
Sort elements
- 2sg_POSS
- 2pl_IND
- 2du_POSS
- 2sg_IND
-
ke
-
ngudberre
-
ngurrewoneng
-
ngudda
Correct
Note that some forms have two different possible answers (possessive or independent) but the quiz couldn’t handle this level of ambiguity š
In conversation, if you forget the dual form, you can always use the plural instead – people will understand.
Incorrect
Note that some forms have two different possible answers (possessive or independent) but the quiz couldn’t handle this level of ambiguity š
In conversation, if you forget the dual form, you can always use the plural instead – people will understand.
Hint
-
Question 5 of 6
5. Question
Match the correct first person form with these grammatical labels
Sort elements
- 1duEXC_POSS
- 1plINC_POSS
- 1sg_POSS
- 1tri_POSS
- 1pl_EXC_POSS
- 1du_INC_POSS
-
ngarrewoneng
-
kadberre
-
ngardduk
-
karrewoneng
-
ngadberre
-
ngarrku
Correct
You will probably need to refer to your chart until these become more familiar to you
Incorrect
You will probably need to refer to your chart until these become more familiar to you
-
Question 6 of 6
6. Question
Match the labels with the appropriate pronouns
Sort elements
- ngarre
- bedda
- berrewoneng
- nungka
- bedberre
- nuye
- ngaleng
-
3sg_FEM_POSS
-
3pl_IND
-
3du_IND
-
3sg_MASC_IND
-
3pl_POSS
-
3sg_MASC_POSS
-
3sg_FEM_IND
Correct
Note that the independent pronouns often take the same form as the possessive pronouns (with some exceptions)
Incorrect
Note that the independent pronouns often take the same form as the possessive pronouns (with some exceptions)
UNIT 5
Karrinahnarren 3
Karrinahnarren quiz
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
The concept of ‘karrinahnarren’ includes:
Correct
The word literally means ‘we look after each other’ but the concept is much wider than that.
Incorrect
The word literally means ‘we look after each other’ but the concept is much wider than that.
-
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
What kind of things might be dangerous in the bush?
Correct
Incorrect
Some places may not only be physically dangerous but also spiritually dangerous.
-
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
What must you do before going out bush?
Correct
You might like to pray or ask the council, but it’s not required. You MUST however ask the TOs
Incorrect
You might like to pray or ask the council, but it’s not required. You MUST however ask the TOs
-
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
What does the term “Poison cousin” refer to?
Correct
This is an important concept that characterises many Indigenous communities.
Incorrect
This is an important concept that characterises many Indigenous communities.
-
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
What is the name of the special register of language used for avoidance relationships?
Correct
Kunbalak is the special register of Kunwinjku used for people within these avoidance relationships.
Incorrect
Kunbalak is the special register of Kunwinjku used for people within these avoidance relationships.
Grandparents matching
Grandparents quiz
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Test your understanding of the relationships between grandparents and grandchildren in Kunwinjku.
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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
What do you call your father’s father?
Correct
Your father’s father also calls you mawah
Incorrect
Your father’s father also calls you mawah
-
Question 2 of 10
2. Question
What does your mother’s mother call you?
Correct
You also call your mother’s mother kakkak, whether you’re male or female
Incorrect
You also call your mother’s mother kakkak, whether you’re male or female
-
Question 3 of 10
3. Question
Who is Mawa married to (normally)?
Correct
Normally, your mawa (father’s father) would be married to your makka (father’s mother)
Incorrect
Normally, your mawa (father’s father) would be married to your makka (father’s mother)
-
Question 4 of 10
4. Question
What do I call the nakornkumo of my ngalbadjan?
Correct
The nakornkumo (father) of my ngalbadjan (mother) also calls me mamamh
Incorrect
The nakornkumo (father) of my ngalbadjan (mother) also calls me mamamh
-
Question 5 of 10
5. Question
What does a man’s mawa call him?
Correct
You normally call your mawa by the same term (whether you’re male or female)
Incorrect
You normally call your mawa by the same term (whether you’re male or female)
-
Question 6 of 10
6. Question
From which grandparent do you get your matrimoiety?
Correct
If you get your moiety from your mother, then she gets it from her mother, which is your kakkak.
Incorrect
If you get your moiety from your mother, then she gets it from her mother, which is your kakkak.
Hint
If moiety comes from the mother’s side …
-
Question 7 of 10
7. Question
What does Ngalwamud call Ngalkamarrang?
Correct
It can be helpful to know what other people call your relatives, as the same person can be called many different things
Incorrect
It can be helpful to know what other people call your relatives, as the same person can be called many different things
Hint
You might need to refer back to your skin chart for this one
-
Question 8 of 10
8. Question
From which two grandparents do boys learn about ceremony and initiation?
Correct
Boys learn from their grandfathers on both sides of the family
(You had to get both right to get the correct answer)
Incorrect
Boys learn from their grandfathers on both sides of the family
(You had to get both right to get the correct answer)
Hint
There are two answers here!
-
Question 9 of 10
9. Question
From which two grandparents do girls learn about caring for their babies?
Correct
Girls learn from their grandmothers on both sides of the family
(You had to get both right to get the correct answer)
Incorrect
Girls learn from their grandmothers on both sides of the family
(You had to get both right to get the correct answer)
Hint
There are two answers!
-
Question 10 of 10
10. Question
True or False? Your mamam is always male
Correct
These terms apply to your grandparents and their siblings so your mamamh could be your mother’s father and any of his sisters or brothers
Incorrect
These terms apply to your grandparents and their siblings so your mamamh could be your mother’s father and any of his sisters or brothers
Grandparents quiz
Grandparents' names
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Match the name to the person
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Question 1 of 1
1. Question
Drag and drop the English term to its corresponding Kunwinjku term
Sort elements
- father's father
- mother's father
- father's mother
- mother's mother
-
mawa
-
mamam
-
makka
-
kakkak
Correct
Well done!
Incorrect
You can try again! Watch the video again or check the vocabulary lesson
Hint
You might like to watch the video again while you’re doing this quiz
Unit 5 Vocab
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Test yourself on these animals – but this time you have to type the answers
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Question 1 of 4
1. Question
Correct
This particular centipede is a dreaming for some clans.
Incorrect
-
Question 2 of 4
2. Question
Correct
Kunak can also refer to firewood, or fire in a hearth
Incorrect
Kunak can also refer to firewood, or fire in a hearth
-
Question 3 of 4
3. Question
Correct
Kunkanj refers to the meat of any animal
Incorrect
Kunkanj refers to the meat of any animal
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Question 4 of 4
4. Question
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This is sometimes written nawarlah.
Incorrect
This is sometimes written nawarlah.
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